What Travel in the Past Looked Like Compared to Today

Travel in the past was about adventure, discovery and domination. However, when you think about it, the term explorer has gone out of style. Today, we contemplate whether we are tourists or travellers. What type of traveller are we? How does the way travel define us? Travel in the past was different. People didn’t have the same perception of travel as we do today. Do you ever stop and wonder what travel was like before it was fashionable?

TL;DR 

Travel today is faster, cheaper and more accessible than ever, thanks to advancements like budget airlines, online bookings, and mobile apps. While travel in the past was slower and exclusive to the wealthy, modern technology has revolutionized how we plan, experience, and share our trips. Social media drives travel trends, but today’s travel faces new challenges such as over-tourism and environmental concerns.

Travel in the past wasn’t for pleasure

In a way, we were born to travel. As nomadic tribes, people moved in search of food. Hunters and gatherers were the original discoverers. Following seasonally available plants and game forced them to move from place to place. As settlement became more permanent, people searched for other things: new lands, commerce and war. This is where the tales of Vikings, Romans, and other tribes conquering the world take the forefront of travel.

Another group of people who travelled quite a bit in the past were the holy men. Travel in the name of religion prompted pilgrims and missionaries to journey into foreign lands to spread their god’s word with various success levels. The Crusades combined religious motivations with travel and led to the next point – war.

Battles for supremacy and travel in the past

The tales of soldiers marching to war are legendary. From the battles of neighbouring tribes to the Viking raids, the life of a soldier was also one of a traveller. Mind you, it was anything but enjoyable. You were either sailing on a ship, riding your horse or walking for miles in all kinds of weather. Life was short and violent. I doubt they had a lot of appreciation for the scenery they passed on their way.

While pillaging and killing your enemies is far from learning about new cultures, it still required travel. All of the Crusades, while fuelled by greed and religious zeal, provided exposure to new lands. Even prisoners of war and those who became slaves brought with them knowledge and traditions that weaved into their conquerors’ lives. Travel in the past, especially for those forces against their will, wasn’t pretty or glamorous. Yet, it offered exposure to different things and the exchange of ideas. We still do that today with less violence and death.

The age of discoverers – stepping up travel in the past

This is probably one of the most interesting shifts in travel. Driven largely by the need for new and expanded trade routes, the discoverers turned travellers. This was the time of Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gamma and many others. They travelled the world, discovering new lands and cultures.

I always try to imagine what these Europeans must have felt stepping on the shores of the New World, which was so different from everything they knew. The same goes for the native tribes that watched these white men set foot on their land. While the result of that meeting was deadly for many, it also marked a new turn in travel.

The human quest for knowledge and discovery perfectly fits into the essence of these discoverers. Enter cartography, geography and advances in everything from medicine and engineering to food and drink. Thanks to the discoverers who led the way, the world was becoming smaller.

The invention of leisurely travel

The Romans were the first to embrace the idea of travelling for leisure. During hot summers, the elite would travel to their villas in Pompeii and other places along the coast. Travel in the past for wealthy Romans was definitely not how we travel today. They usually brought their entire households with them to ensure the level of luxury stayed the same no matter where they went. 

The royals would travel between their various residences or drop by their subjects’ households, expecting to be wined and dined in later years. As with the Romans, it was the wealthy and privileged that had the means for mobility. As they often travelled quite a distance, it also meant that they extended their stay, which their hosts didn’t always appreciate.

Travel in the past was largely limited to the upper classes. Around the 16th century, the Grand Tour became fashionable for the wealthy and young European aristocrats. Somewhat of a throwback to the ideal of the Renaissance Man, the tour provided a level of polish to their education and an appreciation of the arts and literature.

Numerous young men flocked to London, Paris, Venice, Florence and Rome in the name of self-enlightenment. They were the early tourists, arriving to admire the local offerings and taking their experience back with them. Then the French Revolution came and put an end to the Grand Tour.

Days of adventurers and explorers

The 18th and 19th centuries marked a definite shift in the concept of travel. The Victorians saw themselves as civilized and full of a thirst for knowledge. This also meant they wanted to see the world. Travel in the past was not always about learning. For them, it was about conquering. Explorers travelled looking for treasure rather than discovering new lands. They amassed numerous objects from around the world for their private collections.

This was when mummy unwrapping parties were all the rage and the tales of adventures dominated civilized society.  Various interest groups were born, focusing on different aspects of wonder. These societies often sponsored exploration missions in hopes of further treasure discoveries.

Europeans of all backgrounds searched for the lost and forgotten. This led to Pompeii’s rediscovery, where they found the Rosetta Stone and various Bronze Age items, including cave paintings. At the same time, Heinrich Schliemann’s finding of what he believed to be the mythical Troy raises criticism over his methods. Archaeology, as we know, begins here.

How did we travel in the past?

Even though travel in the past was limited to the wealthy and privileged, it was still primitive compared to today. Although there were some advantages, I’d take today over travel in the past any day.

With lots of entourage

Today, you might travel with a group of friends or relatives, hoping everyone has a great time. In the past, as an explorer or an adventurer, you’d be travelling in a company of servants, assistants and staff. There would’ve been someone carrying your stuff, setting up your tent and preparing your meals.

Of course, if you discovered a unique and important treasure, someone would have been there to pack it up and ship it. Not to mention an army of local diggers and guides to make your life easier as you search for a priceless treasure.

With trunk loads of clothes

Clothes are definitely the one thing that I can’t get over. They used to wear a lot more clothing than we do tpoday. It’s all fine and dandy if you’re in an air-conditioned place, but to be without it and wearing all those layers would be torture. As they travelled for longer periods, that usually meant they either had to have a change (or a few) of clothes or someone to do the laundry. I think people just smelled worse back then.

The images of fully clothed men in safari hats and neck scarves are enough to make me sweat. You didn’t see too many women travellers in those days. I can imagine how difficult it would have been with all the dresses and petticoats. I’m glad the cultural dress codes have changed tremendously since then.

By different modes of transportation

If you think travelling on a cramped plane or train sucks, imagine being cramped into a horse carriage on a bumpy road for hours. Travel in the past, even in the most luxurious coach, would become uncomfortable after a while. Arriving in a new place didn’t guarantee clean lodgings or adequate food supplies.

To venture further, a journey on the sea was almost guaranteed. I can’t even imagine being on a ship for months on end. As someone who gets seasick, I would be dead by the time we arrived.  This mode of transportation is just torture to me. In addition to riding horses, camels, elephants and other animals, to floating on rafts and riverboats, it all sounds exhausting. And dangerous.  I can see how not everyone rushed out to be an adventurer.

The rise of mass tourism

The development of rail and trains was really the breaking point for making travel accessible. Rail lines, part of the Industrial Revolution, made travel quicker and cheaper. The rising middle class comprised factory owners and merchants, all eager to spend their newly found wealth. In those days, nothing said, “I have disposable income,” like going somewhere else for no purpose other than vacation.

Thomas Cook – the man who changed travel

With a new interest in travel, travel became a business with the means and time to do so. One enterprising man, Thomas Cook, took advantage of this by creating packaged tours back in 1841. He was responsible for package holidays, including all the services today’s travel agencies provide. Cook pioneered it all, from booking accommodations, tickets, itineraries, tours, and currency exchanges. The idea spread to other places, forming the travel agency model we know today. How cool is that?

Final thoughts on travel in the past

As I look at travel in the past, I wonder why I am not calling myself an adventurer. Has it become a dirty word? After all, I crave adventure. I love to discover new places, learn about them and occasionally bring treasures home with me. Does that not make me an adventurer? I think it does, and I’m going to bring it back. There is a reason this blog focuses on adventure, exploration and discovery. It’s because travel today, while it has changed from travel in the past, remains motivated by the same desire – to see the world.